THE STORY OF EGYPT part 1

THE STORY OF EGYPT PART I



///////////////////////////////////////
THE FIRST DYNASTY:
CUSH  called Menes, the first king

ATHOTIS also called Nimrod, the second king

HORUS also called Gilgamesh, the 3rd king
MERNEITH known as Ishtar was the 4th pharaoh of Egypt



Menes



CUSH  called Menes, the first king
Menes (who may be representing a number of kings involved in the process of unification), the founding king of the first dynasty who, according to Manetho, came from the Thinite province in Upper Egypt. Whether unification was achieved by military or peaceful means is uncertain. 


    According to tradition, Menes founded Memphis on an island in the Nile, conducted raids against the Nubians and extended his power as far as the first cataract. He sent ambassadors to Canaan and Byblos in Phoenicia to establish peaceful commercial trade links. He founded the city of Crocodilopolis and built the first temple to the god Ptah

Memphis was called the fountains of human wisdom




ATHOTIS also called Nimrod, the second king

Nimrod was driven from Mesopotamia to Egypt by Asshur.  Asshur descendants dominated the area of Mesopotamia. Asshur means “strong” or “powerful”. Asshur was a brother of Arphaxad  (Gen.10:422). The Assyrians—who came from Asshur—settled along the Tigris River around the city of Nineveh (Gen.10:11).

An early Queen of Egypt was a descendant of the Ethiopian or Negro race. her skin was very black, and a few of them acknowledge that it was this black queen placed the first fleet of war ships on the river Nile. 

Ham, the father of the black man, located in Africa. Africa was his homestead,

Cush located in South Egypt on the River Nile. He became the father of the Ethiopians as well as the father of the Cushites through Nimrod who located on the Southern part of the Euphrates River.

Nimrod is the founder of the Babylonian kingdom (Genesis 10th Chapter, 10th verse.) Mizriam located on the upper part of the River Nile, and he became the father of the Egyptians. Phut located in the Northern part of Africa.

civilization born in their land and given birth by Ham’s first offspring

year B. C. 3892, and Menes was the first mortal King.

Egyptians were considered a branch of that part of the Cushite family, which settled in Asia. Probably the little matter of the Cushites being the grand-children of Ham 

The account begins with the reign of Cush or Menes. He began to reign in Shinar, not in Egypt. He came to Egypt where he spent his last 30 years. Cush or Menes ruled altogether 62 years, after which Nimrod began his sole rule of 25 years. Nimrod settled in Egypt 60 years after the building of Babel, and reigned two years jointly with his father. His total reign in Egypt was therefore 27 years. Plutarch records that Osiris (Nimrod) had to flee Egypt at the end of 27 years. He was executed in the summer in his 28th year by Samsi iluna  also called Shem

Nimrod joined his father in reigning over Egypt for 2 years from 2194-2192.   Then Nimrod and Semiarmis killed Cush. He lived only 170 years.  Leaving Egypt to Nimrod who reign from 2192 –2167 twenty-five years. He was called Athothis or Osirus.

In 2167, he were driven from Egypt by Shem.  He fled to hellasy where he was killed by Samsi Iluna,   Sammu raut also fled to Assyria and stayed for 30 years.  During that time the Egyptians were without a king.

MERNEITH queen of Egypt

Sammu raut returned to Egypt with her young son Horus.  In history Horus was known as Gilgamesh.  Sammu raut  told the people that she was impregnated by the spirit of Nimrod and Nimrod lived on through Horus. Sammu raut ruled for 4 years until Horus was old enough to reign solelyl  He reigned from 2125 for 31 years.

In 2094 Horus led a group of people into Western Europe to settle.  He left his mother to reign over Egypt for 11 years.  He then returns to Shinar to rule for another 131 years until 1968 up to the time of Abraham.  When Horus returned to Assyria, he found himself in a war with his mother and Ara the king of Armenia.  Gathos, Ara’s successor, the king of Armenia, gave her an army.  Both Gathos and Semeramis were killed in the battle against Horus.

Shem came to Egypt to rule as the 7th King of Egypt called Thinis.  He was called the old man with the beard.  He divided Egypt into 2 parts. When Noah became ill, Shem left Egypt and took over the responsibilities of Noah in Italy. 1978 Asshur assumes reign over Western Europe.

Who was Sargon ?

 About 2800 B.C., there arose in Akkad (Agade) a Semitic chieftain named Shargani-shar-ali  and is best known to us as Sargon I.

Sargon was the first great leader in the history of the Semitic Race and the founder of the first great nation in Western Asia.

Sargon I of Akkad reigned from 2334-2279 B.C. which means he also lived during the period of the building of the Tower of Babel.  The tower of Babel began 2256.

Nimrod began his sole reign in 2192 following a joint reign with his father, Cush.  Sargon is undoubtedly Nimrod of the Bible.  Nimrod’s kingdom included the cities of Babel, Erech, Accad, and Calah, all in Shinar.

Gen 10:10  And the beginning of his kingdom was Babel, and Erech (Uruk), and Accad (Akkad,) and Calneh, in the land of Shinar

Sargon is called “Sharghani”. The name “Ghan” is also translated into other languages as “Khan” and Khan means “Cain”.  The word “sar” is an interesting word. In Hebrew, it means “ruler”. In Akkadian, it means “king”.!

King Ninus and Queen Semiramis first appear in the history of Persia written by Ctesias of Cnidus (c. 400 BC), who as court physician to Artaxerxes II,  have access to the royal historical records.

Ctesias’ account was later expanded on by Diodorus Siculus.

 Ninus  was said to have been the son of Belus or Bel, a name that may represent a Semitic title such as Ba’al “lord”.

Athothis, Kenkenes.Uenephes.  Athothis, Egypt’s second king, was Osiris. The tomb of Athothis at Abydos in Egypt was worshipped as a god

2000 BC  the ancient Sumerian city of Assur came under Assyrian control by about 2000 BC, serving as the capital of the Assyrian Kingdom.

Amorites (a Semitic tribe) gain control over Southern Mesopotamia, ending independent Sumerian rule in the region.

They were the descendants of Aram the son of Shem.  The Amorites founded a Babylonian dynasty under Sumj-abi (Shem is my father) a name which we cannot fail to recognize as the Shem of the Old Testament.

Gen_10:22  The children of Shem; Elam, and Asshur, and Arphaxad

Elam Conquered by Hammurabi/Amorites (1702 BC): 

 Elam invaded Babylon in an attempt to expand its kingdom.  It was during this period in time that Abram (the son of Terah) was born but not in Ur.  He was of Semitic ancestry and a descendant of Heber (the Hebrew). Abram was, also, a great great grandson of Shem.

Abraham moved into Canaan.  He was from a royal line.  The Bible calls him a Prince.

Gen 23:5  And the children of Heth answered Abraham, saying unto him,

Gen 23:6  Hear us, my lord: thou art a mighty prince among us: in the choice of our sepulchres bury thy dead; none of us shall withhold from thee his sepulchre, but that thou mayest bury thy dead.

Hammurabi, the fifth king (about 1792 B.C.) of the Amorite dynasty of Babylon, succeeded in uniting most of Babylonia under his rule. He assumed the title, “King of Sumer and Accad, King of the Four Quarters of the World” as well as the title, “King of Babylon.”

Hammurabi, the powerful king, king of Babylon … when Anu and Bel gave unto me to rule the land of Sumer and Accad.”

fter the death of Hammurabi, the Babylonian empire began to disintegrate.

Mitanni Origins (Pre-1600 BC):

Mitanni migrated into Northern Mesopotamia during Amorite Babylonian Dynasty from the Russian Steppes.  (See link on Article page “The origins of the Eastern Europeans”)

Mitanni Establish Capital in Mesopotamia (1600 – 1531 BC): Mitanni establish an independent city-state in the Northern Mesopotamian river basin during the Babylonian Dynasty, controlling trade point.

Who were the Mitanni ?  Abraham had a concubine, Keturah, who was his wife after Sarah died. She bore him a number of children whose wanderings are often lost sight of. They are enumerated in Genesis 25:1-6. Abraham sent them northeast toward Mesopotamia.

 Gen 25:1  Then again Abraham took a wife, and her name was Keturah.Gen 25:2  And she bare him Zimran, and Jokshan, and Medan, and Midian, and Ishbak, and Shuah.Gen 25:6  But unto the sons of the concubines, which Abraham had, Abraham gave gifts, and sent them away from Isaac his son, while he yet lived, eastward, unto the east country.

shmael and Midianites are together.  They mixed and lived together.

 Gen 37:25  And they sat down to eat bread: and they lifted up their eyes and looked, and, behold, a company of Ishmeelites came from Gilead with their camels bearing spicery and balm and myrrh, going to carry it down to Egypt.Gen 37:26  And Judah said unto his brethren, What profit is it if we slay our brother, and conceal his blood?Gen 37:27  Come, and let us sell him to the Ishmeelites, and let not our hand be upon him; for he isour brother and our flesh. And his brethren were content.Gen 37:28  Then there passed by Midianites merchantmen; and they drew and lifted up Joseph out of the pit, and sold Joseph to the Ishmeelites for twenty pieces of silver: and they brought Joseph into Egypt.

 Ishmael’s Promise or Blessing

Gen 17:20  And as for Ishmael, I have heard thee: Behold, I have blessed him, and will make him fruitful, and will multiply him exceedingly; twelve princes shall he beget, and I will make him a great nation.

Hittite Invasions of Babylonian Empire (1531 BC):Hittites from Anatolia invaded the Babylonian Empire, leading to its collapse.

Elamite Invasion of Babylon.

A group of invading people called  “Kassites,”descended upon the Babylonian plain from the east.   One of the major tribes of Elam were the Kassites, and they were “an Elamite tribe who played an important part in the history of Babylonia.” ( Encyclopedia Britannica under “Kassites”).   Greater Poland is populated with the Elamites which formed Greater Elam of the ancient world. SLAVIC PEOPLE TODAY. (See The True Origins of the Eastern People of Europe found on this web page).  They reigned over Babylon for 400 years.

 Assyrian Independence (1400 – 1365 BC):

After the collapse of the Mitanni, due to battles with the Hittites from the north, and rebelling Assyrians, Assyria was once again independent after more than 400 years under foreign rule.

HORUS also called Gilgamesh, who became king of Babylon known as Hammurabi the Horus was the 3rd king of Egypt





MERNEITH known as Ishtar was the 4th pharaoh of Egypt  also called Sammu Ramat by the people of Babylon 


//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

the word “Egypt” is derived from the word Mizriam, and this word “Mizriam” was the name of one of the first sons of Ham (Genesis 10

Mizriam, the second son of Ham, and the accredited father of the Egyptians located on the very spot, so to speak, where the great City of Memphis was built by Menes, the first King of Egypt.

the Egyptians lived in a high state of civilization near 2,000 years before Abraham’s first visit to Egypt

Shortly after Abraham’s visit, the Shemitic or white travellers began to pour into Egypt to such an extent that the Egyptians began inter-marrying with them,

Hyksos or Shepherd Kings were Semite people.
Jacob and his twelve sons and their families moved from Canaan to Egypt,  the 18th Dynasty, however, fortune turned against theFOREIGNERS of Egypt   except the hEBREWS whom they held as slaves.

eGYPTIANS reorganized the Kingdom with their own blood,

Aahmas was the first King after the ASIATICS were driven out, and his wife was Nefruari, the Ethiopian Princess, greatly celebrated for her dusky charms, her wealth and her [Pg 30]accomplishments.

The beginning of this reorganization of a period is recorded in the 1st Chapter of the Book of Exodus, which shows that at the beginning of the slavery of the Jews, God told Abraham that his people would be held in bondage in Egypt for 400 years (Genesis 15th Chapter, 13th verse). Those 400 years marked the period of Egypt’s most rapid and substantial progress,

their Kingdom and again began to rule, made slaves of the Jews and compelled them to do all the heavy, dirty, unskilled labor, such as carrying bricks and mortar and working in the field (Exodus 1st Chapter, 13th and 14th verses). 

Moses as an instrument to knock at the door of the Egyptian government and ask for the release of the enslaved Jews. Moses did not appear in Egypt by any human authority, or power, but by the authority and the power of God, for it would have been useless for not only Moses, but for any nation or number of nations to approach Egypt with hostile intentions, without God, because Egypt with her wisdom and power had the world at her mercy.



King Mernepta OF EGYPT














The evidence of God’s power was displayed to the “Pharoah Meneptah,” who is generally[Pg 32] conceded to be the “Pharoah of the Exodus,”  

Moses and Aaron who were to appear before the Pharoah and cast down their rods which turned to serpents (Exodus 7th Chapter, 10th verse). When they had cast down their rods before Pharoah, and they turned to serpents, Pharoah called the wise men, or magicians of Egypt with their enchantments, and they cast down their rods which also became serpents (Exodus 7th Chapter, 11th and 12th verses). This was the performing of two miracles, one by God’s power, and one by human power.

THE STORY OF SHEM and his children

THE LINEAGE OF SHEM

The name, Shem, is rendered as Sumu in the Akkadian irecords. At the time of the scattering of the nations from Babel, the descendants of Japheth

migrated to the north and north-west of Shinar, mainly towards Europe. They also migrated to the south-east towards the Indian sub-continent, and thence to the Far East. The descendants of Shem and Ham however, shared between them the southern and central regions of Asia Minor and Arabia, with Ham's descendants 

       SHEM 
             ------------------|------------------
           Elam    Asshur    Arphaxad    Lud    Aram
              
                               |                 |
                               |                 |
                         (58) Shelah     ------------------------
                               |         Uz   Hul   Gether   Meshech
                               |        
                               |
                         (59) Eber
                               |
                         --------------
                     (74) Peleg   Joktan 

 Elam 

The founder of the Elamites, which people were known to the Babylonians as the Elamtu, to the Greeks as Elymais, and whom the Romans knew as Elymaei. The Elamites recorded their own name as the Haltamti. Subsequently, the Old Persian inscriptions rendered their name as (h)uju, and the Middle Persian inscriptions speak of huz, which is simply the archaic form of the modern Persian name for Khuzistan, which now covers what used to be the land of Elam

Asshur
The founder of the nation to whom he gave his name, to wit Assyria. It may be possible to identify Asshur in the early king-lists of Assyria as Puzur-Asshur I. According to these lists, Puzur-Asshur I would have lived and reigned c. 1960 BC, which accords rather well with the biblical chronology. Asshur was one of the earliest men to be deified and worshipped by his descendants. Indeed, as long as Assyria lasted, that is until 612 BC, accounts of battles, exploits, diplomatic affairs and foreign bulletins were daily read out to his image; and every Assyrian king held that he wore the crown only with the express permission of Asshur's deified ghost. On an even more fanciful level, in Jewish rabbinical literature he is said to have been the only righteous man in the days of the building of Babel, moving away when he learned the sinful nature of the enterprise. But this is so unlikely, and is at such variance with the vary nature of even his earliest descendants that it can be safely dismissed

 

Arphaxad
He was the progenitor of the Chaldeans country of babylon , his name being equivalent to 'arpkeshed', that is, the boundary of Chaldea. That he was indeed the forebear of the Chaldeans is confirmed by the Hurrian (Nuzi) tablets, which render the name as Arip-hurra - the founder of Chaldea. The name was also known to the Akkadians as Arraphu. Some scholars have endeavoured to treat his name as a derivative of the Assyrian phrase 'arba-kishshatu', meaning the four corners of the world; but given the somewhat localized nature of the Chaldean people, confining themselves for the most part to southern Mesopotamia, this derivation is unlikely. The Assyians knew his descendants as the Kaldu, adept astrologers, magicians and mathematicians. Ptolemy, however, recorded the name of their land as Arrapachitis, whilst it was known to others as Arphaxitis. The very earliest settlement of the children of Arphaxad, however, appears to have been what is today a two and a half acre ruin called Arpachiya. It lies some four miles to the east of ancient Nineveh, and is the remains of a very early farming community







Lud
The early descendants of Lud, the Ludim, were known to both the Assyrians and Babylonians as the Ludu. s that their land was later known as Lydia , a direct Greek derivation of the name of Lud) which lay in western Asia Minor. The Lydians were famed in the old world for the skill of their archers. They spoke an Indo-European language, some examples of which are in the form of certain items of graffiti that currently defiles certain Egyptian monuments. The land of Lydia however, was finally conquored by Cyrus, king of Persian the year 546 BC


 

 


 Aram
He was the founder of the Aramaeans, known to the Akkadians as the Aramu, but who were later known to the Greeks as Syrians (from Serug. In an Assyrian inscription of Tiglath-pileser I, c. 1100 BC, the Aramae are described as living to the east of the river Tigris. About the time of Tiglath-pileser III, however, they are living all over Mesopotamia; after which, of course, they settled to the west, occupying roughly the same area that makes up modern Syria. A cuniform tablet from Ur bears the name of Aramu, and it is of interest to note that Aramaic is still spoken


 

 

 

  Uz
 somewhat mobile nature of the Aramaeans (Aram was the father  this is hardly surprising. Northern Arabia, between Babylonia and Edom, seems the most likely area of settlement

 

 



 Hul
His descendants settled north of the Sea of Galilee, where they gave their name to the lake and vale of Huleh (the biblical Waters of Merom). The place was notorious amongst Victorian explorers of Palestine for its tribes of Bedhouin robbers, and its far from healthy marshes swamps, which today have been drained, the reclaimed land being farmed and settled. The modern Israelis have also set up a nature reserve there, and know the place of the vale of Hula. The lake of Hula is formed by the accumulation of water from the two sources of the Jordan before beginning their descent to Galilee

 

 
 
 Gether
His descendants settled to the south of Damascus. Josephus identifies them as the latter-day Bactrians, famous amongst other things for a breed of camel. Whether identification is correct or not cannot now be determined. It should, however, be noted that Bactria was populated by 'Aryan', that is Japhetic tribes in late Assyrian times, whereas the children of Gether were




THE STORY OF ELAM
 
 


In his struggles with Chaldæa, Elam was not successful during the earliest historical period

 princes long continued to own allegiance to the Semitic rulers whose influence was predominant from time to time in the plains of Lower Mesopotamia. Tradition relates that two of the earliest Semitic rulers whose names are known to us, Sargon and Narâm-Sin, kings of Agade, held sway in Elam,

 Another early conqueror of Elam, who was of Semitic origin, was Alu-usharshid, king of the city of Kish,  near those of Sargon at Nippur in Babylonia, Sargon subdued Elam and Para'se, the district in which the city of Susa was probably situated. From a small mace-head preserved in the British Museum we know of another conquest of Elam by a Semitic ruler of this early period. The mace-head was made and engraved by the orders of Mutabil, an early governor of the city of Dûr-ilu, to commemorate his own valour as the man "who smote the head of the hosts" of Elam. Mutabil was not himself an independent ruler, and his conquest of Elam must have been undertaken on behalf of the suzerain to whom he owed allegiance, and thus his victory cannot be classed in the same category as those of his predecessors. A similar remark applies to the success against the city of Anshan in Elam, achieved by Grudea, the Sumerian ruler of Shirpurla, inasmuch as he was a patesi, or viceroy, and not an independent king. Of greater duration was the influence exercised over Elam by the kings of Ur, for bricks and contract-tablets have been found at Susa proving that Dungi, one of the most powerful kings of Ur, and Bur-Sin, Ine-Sin, and Oamil-Sin, kings of the second dynasty in that city, all in turn included Elam within the limits of their empire.

 Elamite history Semitic Babylonians and Elamites dwelt side by side in Susa and retained their separate languages.  these two peoples occupied the the Semites at first in  possession, which was afterwards disputed by the incursion of Elamite tribes from the north and east?  subsequently pressed from Babylonia


 The first Semitic incursions into Elam took place at a much later period than those into Babylonia, and under very different conditions. When overrunning the plains and cities of the Sumerians, the Semites were comparatively uncivilized, , without system of writing of their own. The incursions into Elam must have taken place under the great Semitic conquerors, such as Sar-gon and Narâm-Sin and Alu-usharshid. At this period they had fully adopted and modified the Sumerian characters to express their own Semitic tongue, and on their invasion of Elam they brought their system of writing with them. The native princes of Elam, whom they conquered, adopted it in turn for many of their votive texts and inscribed monuments when they wished to write them in the Babylonian language. 

 Karibu-sha-Shushinak,  one of the earlier of the subject princes of Elam, reigned at Susa not later than B.C. 3000. He styles himself "patesi of Susa, governor of the land of Elam,"dedicated on the completion  Gate of the god  his lord, and when he had opened the canal of Sidur, he set up in face thereof his canopy, and he set planks of cedar-wood for its gate. A sheep appointed (for sacrifice) to him each day. On days of festival he caused the people to sing songs in the Gate . And twenty measures of fine oil he dedicated to make his gate beautiful. Four magi of silver he dedicated; a censer of silver and gold he dedicated for a sweet odour; a,sword he dedicated; an axe with four blades he dedicated, and he dedicated silver in addition for the mounting thereof.... A righteous judgment he judged in the city! As for the man who shall transgress his judgment or shall remove his gift,"



SHEM AS SAMSUILUNA OM HISTORY

SAMSUILUNA WAS THE 7TH KING OF AMORITE DYNASTY IN BABYLON

 
Samsu-iluna took the initiative in Babylon's struggle with the Country of the Sea, and that his action was due either to hIS declaration of independence or to some daring act of aggression on the part of this small state which had hitherto appeared too insignificant to cause Babylon any serious trouble.



 Samsu-iluna undertook two expeditions against the Country of the Sea, both of which proved unsuccessful. In the first of these he penetrated to the very shores of the Persian Gulf, where a battle took place in which Samsu-iluna was defeated, and the bodies of many of the Babylonian soldiers were washed away by the sea.

 


 In the second campaign Iluma-ilu did not await Samsu-iluna's attack, but advanced to meet him, and again defeated the Babylonian army. In the reign of Abêshu', Samsu-iluna's son and successor, Iluma-ilu appears to have undertaken fresh acts of aggression against Babylon; and it was probably during one of his raids in Babylonian territory that Abêshu' attempted to crush the growing power of the Country of the Sea by the capture of its daring leader, Iluma-ilu himself. The new chronicle informs us that, with this object in view, Abêshu' dammed the river Tigris, hoping by this means to cut off Iluma-ilu and his army, but his stratagem did not succeed, and Iluma-ilu got back to his own territory in safety.

 Kassite kings of the Third Dynasty exercised authority not only over Babylonia but also over the greater part of Elam, fconsist of grants of land  which the Babylonians themselves called kudurru,  they have been frequently referred "boundary-stones." 

 kudurru enumerates the exact position and size of the estate with which it is concerned, but the kudurru was never actually used to mark the boundary. It was preserved as a title-deed, in the house of the owner of the estate or possibly in the temple  formed his charter or title-deed to which he could appeal in case of any dispute arising as to his right of ownership. One of the kudurrus near Babylon by Nazimaruttash, a king of the Third or Kassite Dynasty, to the god Marduk, that is to say they were assigned by the king to the service of E-sagila, the great temple  at Babylon.




///////////////////////

Amraphel king of Shinar

SIN MUBALLIT, KING OF BABYLON
BABYLON WAS KNOWN AS SHINAR.....




                   HAMMURABI

HAMMURABI IN HISTORY 
was the sixth king of the First Babylonian Dynasty he succeeded his father the king of Babylon Sin Muballit
 KNOWN AS Amraphel king of Shinar




 was the sixth king of the First Babylonian Dynasty, reigning from 1792 BC to 1750 BC (according to the Middle Chronology). He was preceded by his father, Sin-Muballit,

KINGS OF THE NORTH

Genesis Chapter XIV

1 And it came to pass in the days of Amraphel king of Shinar, Arioch king of Ellasar, Kedorlaomer king of Elam, and Tidal king of nations;
2 (K) That these made war with Bera king of Sodom, and with Birsha king of Gomorrah, Shinab king of Admah, and Shemeber king of Zeboim, and the king of Belah, which is Zoar.
3 All these joined forces together in the valley of Siddim, which is the Sea of Salt.
4 Twelve years they served Kedorlaomer, and in the thirteenth year they rebelled.
5 And in the fourteenth year came Kedorlaomer, and the kings who were with him, and defeated the Raphaim in Ashteroth-Karnaim, and the Zuzim in Ham, and the Emim in Shaveh-Kiriatayim,
6 And the Horites in their Mount Seir, to Elparan, which is by the wilderness.
7 And they returned, and came to Ein-Mishpat, which is Kadesh, and struck all the country of the Amalekites, and also the Amorites, who lived in Hazezon-Tamar.
8 (K) And there went out the king of Sodom, and the king of Gomorrah, and the king of Admah, and the king of Zeboim, and the king of Belah, the same is Zoar, and they joined battle with them in the valley of Siddim;
9 With Kedorlaomer the king of Elam, and with Tidal king of nations, and Amraphel king of Shinar, and Arioch king of Ellasar; four kings with five.



the STORY OF AMRAPHEL:

 






 The land of Babylonian ...farmers were prepared for irrigation before it was sown by being divided into a number of small square or oblong tracts, each separated from the others by a low bank of earth, the seed being afterwards sown within the small squares or patches. Some of the banks running lengthwise through the field were made into small channels, the ends of which were carried up to the bank of the nearest main irrigation canal. No system of gates or sluices was employed, and when the farmer wished to water one of his fields he simply broke away the bank opposite one of his small channels and let the water flow into it. He would let the water run along this small channel until it reached the part of his land he wished to water. He then blocked the channel with a little earth, at the same time breaking down its bank so that the water flowed over one of the small squares and thoroughly soaked it. When this square was finished he filled up the bank and repeated the process for the next square, and so on until he had watered the necessary portion of the field. When this was finished he returned to the main channel and stopped the flow of the water by blocking up the hole he had made in the dyke. 

 


The whole process was, and to-day still is, extremely simple, but it needs care and vigilance, especially in the case of extensive irrigation when water is being carried into several parts of an estate at once. It will be obvious that any carelessness on the part of the irrigator in not shutting off the water in time may lead to extensive damage, not only to his own fields, but to those of his neighbours. In the early Babylonian period, if a farmer left the water running in his channel, and it flooded his neighbour's field and hurt his crop, he had to pay compensation according to the amount of damage done.




/////


 

Kingdom of Ugarit

GENESIS CHAPTER 11

Now these are the generations of Terah. Terah begat Abram, Nahor, and Haran. And Haran begat Lot
 And Haran died before his father Terah in the land of his nativity, in Ur of the Chaldees

And Abram and Nahor took them wives: the name of Abram’s wife was Sarai; and the name of Nahor’s wife, Milcah, the daughter of Haran, the father of Milcah, and the father of Iscah.

And Sarai was barren; She had no child

 And Terah took Abram his son, and Lot the son of Haran, his son’s son, and Sarai his daughter-in-law, his son Abram’s wife; and they went forth with them from Ur of the Chaldees, to go into the land of Canaan; and they came unto Haran, and dwelt there.
 And the days of Terah were two hundred and five years: and Terah died in Haran

 Now Jehovah said unto Abram, Get thee out of thy country, and from thy kindred, and from thy father’s house, unto the land that I will show thee
and I will make of thee a great nation, and I will bless thee, and make thy name great; and be thou a blessing;
 and I will bless them that bless thee, and him that curseth thee will I curse: and in thee shall all the families of the earth be blessed.

 

 Abram went, as Jehovah had spoken unto him; and Lot went with him: and Abram was seventy and five years old when he departed out of Haran 
And Abram took Sarai his wife,And Abram passed through the land unto the place of Shechem, unto the oak of Moreh. And the Canaanite was then in the land 
And Jehovah appeared unto Abram, and said, Unto thy seed will I give this land: and there builded he an altar unto Jehovah, who appeared unto him.
And he removed from thence unto the mountain on the east of Beth-el, and pitched his tent, having Beth-el on the west, and Ai on the east: and there he builded an altar unto Jehovah, and called upon the name of Jehovah.And Abram journeyed, going on still toward the South.

 And there was a famine in the land: and Abram went down into Egypt to sojourn there; for the famine was sore in the land.

And Abram went up out of Egypt, he, and his wife, and all that he had, and Lot with him, into the South 
nd Abram was very rich in cattle, in silver, and in gold
And he went on his journeys from the South even to Beth-el, unto the place where his tent had been at the beginning, between Beth-el and Ai,
unto the place of the altar, which he had made there at the first: and there Abram called on the name of Jehovah.And Lot also, who went with Abram, had flocks, and herds, and tents. 
And the land was not able to bear them, that they might dwell together: for their substance was 

 And there was a strife between the herdsmen of Abram’s cattle and the herdsmen of Lot’s cattle: and the Canaanite and the Perizzite dwelt then in the land. And Abram said unto Lot, Let there be no strife, I pray thee, between me and thee, and between my herdsmen and thy herdsmen; for we are brethren 
Is not the whole land before thee? separate thyself, I pray thee, from me. If thou wilt take the left hand, then I will go to the right. Or if thou take the right hand, then I will go to the left

 And Lot lifted up his eyes, and beheld all the Plain of the Jordan, that it was well watered every where, before Jehovah destroyed Sodom and Gomorrah, like the garden of Jehovah, like the land of Egypt, as thou goest unto Zoar.So Lot chose him all the Plain of the Jordan; and Lot journeyed east: and they separated themselves the one from the other. Abram dwelt in the land of Canaan, and Lot dwelt in the cities of the Plain, and moved his tent as far as Sodom.
 Now the men of Sodom were wicked and sinners against Jehovah exceedingly

 
 
 
 And it came to pass in the days of Amraphel king of Shinar, Arioch king of Ellasar, Chedorlaomer king of Elam, and Tidal king of Goiim,
that they made war with Bera king of Sodom, and with Birsha king of Gomorrah, Shinab king of Admah, and Shemeber king of Zeboiim, and the king of Bela (the same is Zoar). All these joined together in the vale of Siddim (the same is the Salt Sea).Twelve years they served Chedorlaomer, and in the thirteenth year they rebelled 
And in the fourteenth year came Chedorlaomer, and the kings that were with him, and smote the Rephaim in Ashteroth-karnaim, and the Zuzim in Ham, and the Emim in Shaveh-kiriathaim,
and the Horites in their mount Seir, unto Elparan, which is by the wilderness.And they returned, and came to En-mishpat (the same is Kadesh), and smote all the country of the Amalekites, and also the Amorites, that dwelt in Hazazon-tamar.And there went out the king of Sodom, and the king of Gomorrah, and the king of Admah, and the king of Zeboiim, and the king of Bela (the same is Zoar); and they set the battle in array against them in the vale of Siddim; 14:9 against Chedorlaomer king of Elam, and Tidal king of Goiim, and Amraphel king of Shinar, and Arioch king of Ellasar; four kings against the five  Now the vale of Siddim was full of slime pits; and the kings of Sodom and Gomorrah fled, and they fell there, and they that remained fled to the mountain 
And they took all the goods of Sodom and Gomorrah, and all their victuals, and went their way.And they took Lot, Abram’s brother’s son, who dwelt in Sodom, and his goods, and departed.

And there came one that had escaped, and told Abram the Hebrew: now he dwelt by the oaks of Mamre, the Amorite, brother of Eshcol, and brother of Aner; and these were confederate with Abram.

 And when Abram heard that his brother was taken captive, he led forth his trained men, born in his house, three hundred and eighteen, and pursued as far as Dan 
And he divided himself against them by night, he and his servants, and smote them, and pursued them unto Hobah, which is on the left hand of Damascus. And he brought back all the goods, and also brought back his brother Lot, and his goods, and the women also, and the people






 Abraham and the Kingdom of Ugarit

  Ugarit was known as the Northern Ur

  ABRAHAMs fourth-great-grandfather Eber was king of Ugarit in Syria, as was his grandfather Nahor, Abraham was but a prince at the time of the death of Sarah

 ugarit was a major trading center on the Syrian coast

city of "Ur"  the city of Ugarit.

During the siege to Sodom and Gmomorrah

Abraham was the commander Ugarit troops, augmented by those of his Amorite allies. Moreover, he is successful in overtaking and defeating a coalition of invading kings. , Abraham is called a "Hebrew." 

 Pharaoh Thutmosis I, the third king of the 18th Dynasty and the New Kingdom, who ruled for 8 years beginning in 1505, the year before Abraham entered Egypt, and was then replaced by Thutmosis II.